今日讀《羅馬人的故事2》，此段心生感慨。西庇阿征戰漢尼拔的本國——迦太基，將戰火掃到大後方。看到這個一段，整整十六年征戰，漢尼拔只一次兵臨羅馬城下。受迦太基命令，漢尼拔不得不拔寨歸國。那一刻，在揚帆的船上，漢尼拔所思所何？

西庇阿着實是千古名垂的一代戰將。

The character and life of Rousseau provide ample material for the psychologist. Ture, some of troubles were dur to physical ill-health. He suffered for years from a bladder complaint, and he most probably died of uraemia. But from the beginning social adjustment was diffical (difficult)for him, and though he was capable of deep affection and attachment, he was too sensitive, suspicious and intolerant to maintain constant friendships. A man much given to self-analysis, he often failed to understand either himself or others. A philosopher, he yet possessing a highly emotional comtaperament(temperament), and he drew attention to the tension between emotion and thought, heart and mind, which oppressed him. Romantic, emotional, possessing a genuire (genuine)religious feelings yet self-centred and mentally unbalanced, it is in no way surprising that Rousseau broke with les philosophes. D’Holbach warned Hume that he was comtemplating (contemplating)warming a viper in his bosom. And Hume later referred to Rousseau as “the most singular of all human beings”, though he afterwards aurately (acutely)remarked that the latter had only felt during the whole course of his life and that in him sensibility had risen to an unexampled pitch. But all this, of course, in no way affects Rousseau’s importance in the history of philosophy.

光華三樓

刺耳的警報聲響起，今天，幾乎所有的媒體，都會高喊“勿忘國恥”。89年前的這一天，日軍炮轟瀋陽北大營，繼而侵佔整個東北。不抵抗的張公子，讓3000萬父老鄉親成了亡國奴。

如果按現行口徑來說，這是14年抗戰的爆發日。

根據官方統計，在抗戰中，中國軍人傷亡380余萬。而實際，應該遠遠高於這個數字，有無數的士兵，在還未抵達戰場時，就因為饑餓或者疾病，殞命途中。

  In the first place, we see psychological effects of the Black Death. Those who saved their lives after this plague tried to fathom its meaning, some viewed it as a manifestation of something, especially of God’s displeasure. Plenty of flagellants whipped their bodies in frenzies of self-mortification as a way of atonement. Group of clergy stopped their profligacy and moral laxity. Common people had a happy lifestyle with the belief of “eat, drink, and be merry”. And those who tried to find why god made this to humankind.

  Secondly, the feeling of fear for plague set forth in visual arts and poetry. the most popular plague-related motif was the “Dance of Death”, it picture that a skeleton or corpse lead his victims to grave. In addition, the Death have been objectified as a “the Great Equalizer”, all of humankind are succumb to it whatever their race, social status, wealth, but just one point that they are vulnerable human. The plague spurred the rise of sense of equality.